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CONTENTS

PREFACE
Chapter 1. ORIENTATION OF CRYSTALLITES 1
1.1. Definition of Crystal Orientation 1
1.2. Representations of Crystal orientation 2
1.3. Relations between Different Orientation Parameters 8
1.4. Invariant Measure 17
1.5. Orientation Distributions 20
1.6. Rotation Axis and Angle 24
General Reference 25
Chapter 2. STRESS AND STRAIN 26
2.1. Introduction 26
2.2. Stress 26
2.3. Equilibrium Equations 28
2.4. Stress Tensor 29
2.5. Principal Stresses 31
2.6. Special Types of Stress State 33
2.7. Graphical Representation of Stress by Mohr’s Circle 35
2.8. True Stress and Engineering Stress 40
2.9. Strain 40
2.10. Special Types of Strain 44
General References 46
Chapter 3. LINEAR ELASTIC BEHAVIOR 47
3.1. Hook’s Law in One Dimension 47
3.2. Hook’s Law in Three Dimensions 47
3.3. Elasic Strain Energy 52
3.4. Effect of Materials Symmetry on Elastic Constants 53
3.5. Young’s Modulus in Anisotropic Materials 75
3.6. Bulk Modulus in Anisotropic Materials 77
3.7. Shear Modulus in Anisotropic Materials 77
3.8. Poisson’s Ratio in Anisotropic Materials 81
3.9. Specifying Elastic Anisotropy in Materials of Cubic and Hexagonal
Symmetry 83
3.10. Elastic Properties of Thin Films of Cubic System 83
3.11. Elastic properties of Thin Films of Tetragonal System 93
General References 104
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References 104
References in Tables 104
Chapter 4. SINGLE AND DUPLEX SLIP 108
4.1. Slip System 108
4.2. Schmid’s Law 109
4.3. Reorientation of Directions by Single Slip 113
4.4. Reorientation of Planes by Single Slip 114
4.5. Single Slip in Response to Tensile Force 115
4.6. Single Slip in Response to Compressive Force 123
4.7. Single Slip in Crystals of Cubic Symmetry 130
4.8. Slip on Two Systems - Duplex Slip 134
4.9. Duplex Slip in Cubic Crystals 137
4.10. Duplex Slip Sharing Same Slip Direction 142
General References 142
References 142
Chapter 5. MULTIPLE SLIP 144
5.1. Introduction 144
5.2. Strains Produced by Slip 144
5.3. Independent Slip Systems 146
5.4. Independent Slip Systems and Effect of Cross-Slip 150
5.5. Selection of Possible Active Systems 152
5.6. State of Stress for Multiple Slip 155
5.7. Principle of Maximum Work 165
5.8. Rigid Body Rotation during Slip 178
General Reference 184
References 184
Chapter 6. TWINNING 185
6.1. Introduction 185
6.2. Origin of Twins 186
6.3. Geometry of Mechanical Twinning 186
6.4. Twinning on Atomic Scale 188
6.5. Transformation of Crystallographic Directions by Twinning 191
6.6. Change in Length due to Deformation Twinning 197
General References 198
Chapter 7. PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS 199
7.1. Sachs Model 199
7.2. Taylor Model 199
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7.3. Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method 201
7.4. Yield Criteria 203
References 216
Chapter 8. TEXTURES AND STRUCTURES OF VAPOR DEPOSITS 217
8.1. Introduction 217
8.2. Pre-coalescence Stage 217
8.3. Development of Texture 217
8.4. Face-Centered Cubic Metals 221
8.5. Body-Centered Cubic Metals 226
8.6. Hexagonal Metals 233
8.7. Oxides 236
8.8. TiN 236
References 243
Chapter 9. TEXTURES AND STRUCTURES OF ELECTRODEPOSITS 245
9.1. Introduction 245
9.2. Texture Measurement of Electrodeposits 245
9.3. Development of Texture (Preferred Growth Model) 246
9.4. Copper Electrodeposits 248
9.5. Nickel Elecrodeposits 256
9.6. Silver Electrodeposits 267
9.7. Chromium Electrodeposits 269
9.8. Tin Electrodeposits 273
References 274
Chapter 10. TEXTURES AND STRUCTURES OF ELECTROLESS NICKEL ALLOY
DEPOSITS 275
10.1. Introduction 275
10.2. Ni-P deposits 275
10.3. Ni-Cu-P Deposits 278
10.4. Ni-Co-P Deposits 279
References 283
Chapter 11. RECRYSTALLIZATION TEXTURES 284
11.1. Introduction 284
11.2. Strain-Energy-Release-Maximization Theory 285
11.3. Recrystallization Textures of Electrodeposits 297
11.4. Recrystallization Textures of Vapor Deposits 315
11.5. Drawn Fcc Metals 319
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11.6. Aluminum Crystals with {123} Orientations Deformed by Channel
Die Compression 332
11.7. Aluminum Single Crystal with {112} Texture Obtained by
Channel-Die Compression of (001)[110] Crystal 342
11.8. Channel-Die Compressed {110} Aluminum Single Crystal 345
11.9. Plane-Strain Compressed {001} and {001} Fcc Metals 347
11.10. Evolution of Cube Texture in Plane-Strain Rolled Polycrystalline Metals 347
11.11. (123)[-6-3 4] Copper Single Crystal Cold Rolled up to 99.5% 353
11.12. Cold Rolled Cu-Mn and Cu-1%P Alloys 358
11.13. Evolution of Goss Texture in Bcc Steel 367
11.14. Plane-Strain Rolled Polycrystalline Bcc Steels 377
11.15. Recrystallization Textures of Non-ferrous Bcc Metals 402
11.16. Low Stacking Fault Metals 406
References