☆★ 한림원출판사 ★☆

역자 머리말
2008년에 정부가 저탄소 녹색성장을 향후 60년의 새로운 국가비전으로 제시
한 바 있다. 녹색성장이란 지금까지는 상반된 가치라 인식해 왔던 환경보존과 경
제성장 두 가지 가치를 동시에 추구한다는 것으로 그 핵심은 경제성장을 추구하
되 자원이용과 환경오염을 최소화하고, 이를 다시 경제성장의 동력으로 활용하
는 선순환구조를 창출하는데 있다.
시멘트 산업은 그 동안 국가 기간산업으로 우리나라 산업발전에 크게 이바지
하여 왔으며, 나름대로 지속가능한 산업으로의 발전을 추구하여 왔다. 특히 각종
산업폐기물을 원료로 혹은 연료로의 사용을 확대하여 순환형 사회를 구축하는데
노력함으로, 국가적인 차원의 환경보전에 나름대로 기여하여 왔다. 그러나 최근
국내에서 시멘트에 존재하는 중금속, 특히 크로뮴이 인체에 미치는 영향에 대한
문제가 사회적으로 이슈화 되면서 시멘트라는 제품이 친환경과는 거리가 먼 것
처럼 인식되어 가고 있다. 따라서 시멘트 산업 또는 시멘트 재료에 대한 부정적
인 시각을 극복하는 것이 우선적으로 해결하여야 할 시급한 과제라고 본다. 이러
한 과제가 해결되었을 때 시멘트 산업은 국가가 추구하고 있는 녹색성장의 주 동
력원으로 자리 매김할 수 있을 것이다.
이러한 과제해결에 도움이 될 수 있는 책자(사회환경 머터리얼, 시멘트계 재료
의 사명과 지속가능한 사회)가 일본에서 출간되어, 국내 시멘트·콘크리트 종사
자뿐 만 아니라 일반인에게도 소개하여 시멘트 산업의 환경문제 해결과 시멘트
산업에 대한 올바른 이해를 돕고자 하는 마음에서 시멘트·콘크리트를 전문으로
하는 16명이 책을 번역하게 되었다.
이 책자는 시멘트계 재료의 세계적인 권위자인 동경공업대학 大門正機교수의
정년에 즈음하여 그동안의 大門正機교수 연구실의 연구결과를 중심으로 정리하
여 발간하게 되었다. 여기에는 시멘트의 기본 재료에 대한 평가는 물론이고, 시
멘트가 비환경적인 건설재료의 이미지를 쇄신하고 친환경재료로서 지속가능한
건설의 핵심 재료로서의 의미를 부여하는데 도움을 주고 있다. 또한 혼화재 및
혼화제 관련내용과 재생골재 및 고강도 콘크리트 등과 연관한 연구내용을 집대
성한 책자로 생각되며, 특히 최근의 결과를 종합하여 앞으로의 시멘트·콘크리트
개발의 방향을 제시하고 있다. 그러나 40여 년간의 연구논문, 학위논문 등을 책
한권에 종합하고 있기 때문에, 다소 내용이 집약되어 있는 부분이 많아 이해하기
쉽지 않지만, 각 연구 분야별로 새로운 연구를 진행할 경우 각 영역별로 기초자
료로 활용하면 많은 발전이 있을 것이라 판단된다. 특히, 최근의 고로슬래그, 플
라이 애시, 실리카 퓸, 석회석 미분말 등과 같은 혼합재료에 대한 적용/활용의
필요성이 부각되는 시점에서 본 책자가 많은 도움이 되리라고 믿는다.
사회의 기반이 되는 시멘트와 관련한 일본의 연구 내용을 종합한 것이므로 국
내의 사정과는 다소 차이가 있을 수 있으나, 일본의 자료를 참고하여 국내의 연
구 결과와 비교·평가하면 좋은 참고자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.
본 책자가 시멘트 관련분야의 최종의 자료가 아니라 이 책자를 기초로 하여
앞으로도 시멘트·콘크리트 분야의 끊임없는 발전으로 건전하고 안정적인 사회를
만들 수 있는 기반이 되었으면 하는 것이 역자들의 바람이다.

2009년 8월 31일
한국세라믹학회
시멘트부회

편자 머리말

사회환경재료라고 할 수 있는 것은, 사회의 안전과 편안함, 사회환경의 정비를
위하여 역할을 하고, 그것이 사회자본으로서 환원되어 장기적으로 안정하며, 더
욱이 순환형 자원을 유효하게 이용하고 있고, 순환형 사회의 구축에 역할을 할
필요가 있다. 건설분야에 있어서 넓은 범위에서 이용되고 있는 시멘트계 재료는,
그 의미로부터 사회환경재료의 대표라고 할 수 있다. 특히 지속가능한 사회를 실
현하고 사회환경을 정비·유지하기 위해서는 순환형자원을 이용하는 것이 중요하
고, 시멘트계 재료는 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있지만, 종합적인 자원순환 시스템
과 리사이클 시스템의 구축도 필요하게 될 것이다. 다른 산업분야와 다르게 건설
분야에서의 순환형 자원과 새로운 재료의 이용에는, 종합적으로 지속적인 연구·
기술개발이 필수불가결하고, 또한 규격 등의 정비도 필요한 경우가 많으며, 제
조자, 사용자 및 관계·학계가 일체가 되어서 처음으로 자원순환 시스템의 구축
이 가능하게 된다.
이전부터 시멘트 산업과 건설산업에서는 에너지 절약과 CO2 삭감에 적극적으
로 대처하고 있지만, 계속되는 새로운 과제에 직면하고 있다. 시멘트 제조에 있
어서 폐기물의 원료·연료로서의 이용량 확대와 CO2 삭감의 양립 및 건전한 사
화자본을 구축하기 위한 품질의 확보, 양질의 노동력 확보가 어려운 상황에서 시
공의 안정성을 확보하기 위한 프리케스트화, 초장기 내구성 재료, 고층과 대심도
지하공간 이용을 위한 신규의 재료, 보수·보강을 위한 복합재료의 개발, 장기과
제로서는 시멘트계 재료의 새로운 제조기술과 향후 제조기술의 방향, 또한 새로
운 개념에 근거하여 현재보다 에너지를 절약하면서 CO2 삭감이 가능한 사회기반
재료와 철근콘크리트의 구조에 대체할 수 있는 복합화 기술의 검토 등 많은 기술
적 과제를 포함하고 있다.
본 책자에서는 사회환경재료로서 시멘트계 재료의 현상과 기술적 과제, 더욱
이 신재료·기술의 개요를 대학원생과 젊은 연구자·기술자들이 참고할 수 있도
록 기획한 것이다. 책자의 명을 ｢사회환경 머터리얼 -시멘트계 재료의 사명과
지속가능한 사회-｣로 한 것도 이와 같은 분위기를 나타내는 것이다. 향후의 시
멘트계 재료가 나아가야 할 방향을 생각하는 점에서는 대단히 중요한 항목이 기
술되어 있다고 생각된다.
본 책자는 다음의 4장으로 구성되었다.
｢제1장 사회환경재료로서의 시멘트계 재료｣에서는, 시멘트 산업에 있어서 자
원순환, 시멘트 클링커 원료로서의 폐기물 이용, 폐기물이용 증대를 목적으로한
시멘트의 특성, 시멘트 소성 에너지를 폐기물로의 대체, 에코 시멘트, CO2 삭감
과 혼합시멘트, 강도제어형 시멘트와 관련하여 향후의 순환형 사회 형성에 있어
서 시멘트 산업의 역할과 범용시멘트 본래의 모습을 나타내었다. 또한, 시멘트계
재료의 수화와 조직형성에서는 시멘트 화학에 관련한 기본적인 사항에 대하여도
기술하였다.
｢제2장 사회환경재료의 기반이 되는 수화물과 그 이용｣에서는, 시멘트계 재료
를 이용할 때 기본이 되는 수화물인, 모노설페이트 등의 층상 칼슘알루미네이트
계 수화물(AFm)과 에트린자이트계 수화물 및 토버모라이트를 포함하는 칼슘실
리케이트계 수화물의 결정구조와 특징 등의 기본적인 사항과 그 이용에 대하여
개설하였다.
｢제3장 사회환경재료와 자원순환｣에서는, 고로슬래그, 플라이 애시, 실리카
퓸의 산업폐기물의 유효이용, 레드믹스트 콘크리트와 자원순환, 콘크리트 폐재의
자원순환, 건설폐재와 자원순환 등 각 분야에 있어서 자원순환의 현상과 향후의
가능성과 과제도 포함하여 기술하였다. 또한, 자원순환에 있어서 가장 배려해야
할 사항으로서, 그것이 환경에 어떤 영향을 미치는 가에 문제가 있으며, 자원순
환과 미량성분에 대하여도 개설하였다.
｢제4장 사회환경재료의 고성능화·기능화｣에서는, 사화환경을 유지하기 위하
여 구축되는 사회자본이 장기간 안정해야할 필요가 있다. 그렇게 되기 위해서 고
성능, 다기능적인 시멘트계 재료도 개발되고 있다. 여기에서는, 팽창재에 의한 고
성능화, 에트린자이트의 이용에 의한 다기능화, 화학혼화제의 이용에 의한 고성능
화, CO2 고정화에 의한 고성능화, 초고내구화·초고강도화에 대하여 개설하였다.
2009년 2월 坂井　悦郎
(Etsuo SAKAI)
사회환경 머터리얼
-시멘트계 재료의 사명과 지속가능한 사회-

목 차
역자 머리말 ··········································································································i
편자 머리말 ·········································································································iii
제1장 사회환경재료로서의 시멘트계 재료 ···············································1
1.1 시멘트 산업에서 자원순환 ···········································································3
[1] 일본에서의 자원순환과 시멘트산업 ························································3
[2] 시멘트 제조 공정에서 폐기물의 처리·이용 ··········································5
[3] 앞으로의 과제 ························································································10
1.2 시멘트 클링커 원료로서의 폐기물 이용 ···················································12
[1] 폐기물의 이용과 환경 부하의 저감 ·····················································12
[2] 폐기물·부산물 이용에 의한 환경 영향 평가 ········································13
[3] 폐기물의 이용 확대를 향해서 ······························································18
1.3 폐기물 이용 증대를 목적으로 한 시멘트의 특성 ····································21
[1] 폐기물·부산물의 원료 이용 현황과 이용량 증대를 위한 방법 ··········21
[2] 간극상 양을 증가한 시멘트의 특성 ·····················································25
[3] CO2 배출량 삭감과 자원리사이클의 양립을 목표로 ··························27
1.4 시멘트 소성 에너지원의 폐기물 대체 ······················································32
[1] 연료계 폐기물 이용에 의한 사회적 공헌 ············································32
[2] 연료계 폐기물의 유효이용이라는 관점에서 시멘트 제조공정 ···········33
[3] 연료계 폐기물의 유효이용 현황 ···························································34
[4] 시멘트 소성공정에서 연료로서 폐플라스틱의 이용 ····························35
[5] 시멘트 연료용 폐플라스틱의 전처리 설비 ··········································36
[6] 연료로서 폐기물 이용의 전망 ······························································39
1.5 에코 시멘트 ································································································42
[1] 에코 시멘트의 개발 경위 ······································································42
[2] 제조 및 품질 ··························································································44
[3] 수화 및 경화조직 ···················································································47
[4] 혼합재의 이용 ······················································································53
[5] 에코 시멘트 사업의 가능성 ··································································54
1.6 CO2 삭감과 혼합시멘트 ············································································56
[1] 시멘트 산업과 CO2 배출 ······································································56
[2] 혼합시멘트의 특징과 재료설계 ·····························································58
1.7 강도제어용 시멘트 ·····················································································65
[1] 시멘트 강도 ····························································································65
[2] 세계각국의 시멘트 강도 ········································································69
[3] 시멘트 강도 제어 중요성의 실증 사례 ················································72
1.8 시멘트계 재료의 수화와 조직형성 ····························································76
[1] 수화반응과 조직형성 연구의 의의 ·······················································76
[2] 포틀랜드 시멘트의 수화 ········································································76
[3] 포틀랜드 시멘트의 수화에 의한 경화체 조직의 형성 ························85
제2장 사회환경재료의 기반이 되는 수화물과 그 이용 ·························93
2.1 칼슘알루미네이트계 수화물(AFm상) ·························································95
[1] AFm상의 구조식 ···················································································95
[2] 모노설페이트 수화물의 층간수의 건조조건에 의한 변화 ··················97
[3] 시멘트의 수화에 의한 AFm상의 생성반응 ·········································97
[4] 3CaO ·Al2O3-CaSO4·2H2O-CaCO3계의 수화반응 ·························99
[5] 모노설페이트 수화물에 의한 크로뮴산이온 및 셀렌산이온의 고정 ··100
[6] AFm상의 조성변화와 요인 ······························································101
2.2 에트린자이트계 수화물 ············································································103
[1] 에트린자이트와 사회와의 관계 ···························································103
[2] 탄산형 에트린자이트 ···········································································107
2.3 칼슘실리케이트계 수화물 ········································································111
[1] 규산칼슘계 수화물의 생성과 결정구조 ··············································111
[2] 칼슘실리케이트계 수화물을 바인더로하는 재료 ·······························114
[3] 지속가능한 사회의 실현을 향한 과제 ···············································117
제3장 사회환경재료와 자원순환 ···························································123
3.1 고로슬래그의 이용 ···················································································125
[1] 고로슬래그의 자원순환과 성질의 현상 ··············································125
[2] 고로슬래그의 자원순환의 새로운 가능성 ··········································127
3.2 플라이 애시의 이용 ·················································································136
[1] 플라이 애시의 발생과 자원순환 ·························································136
[2] 플라이 애시의 특성 ·············································································137
[3] 플라이 애시를 혼합한 콘크리트의 특성 ············································143
[4] 플라이 애시의 사용시 유의점 ····························································144
3.3 실리카 퓸의 이용 ·····················································································147
[1] 귀중한 자원으로서의 실리카 퓸 ·························································147
[2] 자원순환에서 본 실리카 퓸 ································································151
3.4 레드믹스트 콘크리트와 자원순환 ····························································155
[1] 레드믹스트 콘크리트 ···········································································155
[2] 레미콘용 골재 ······················································································155
[3] 레미콘 공장에서 발생하는 슬러지 ·····················································157
3.5 콘크리트 폐재의 자원순환 ······································································166
[1] 콘크리트 폐재의 발생 현황 ································································166
[2] 골재의 자원순환화 기술 ·····································································167
[3] 재생 미분말의 자원 순환화 기술 ·······················································171
3.6 건설 폐재와 자원 순환 ············································································175
[1] 건설 폐기물의 자원화 ·········································································175
[2] 석면 함유 건재의 자원 순환 ······························································177
3.7 자원순환과 미량성분 ················································································181
[1] 시멘트 산업이 활용하고 있는 폐기물·부산물 ··································181
[2] 미량성분에 관한 기준값 ·····································································182
[3] 시멘트로부터 용출하기 쉬운 미량성분 ··············································183
[4] 시멘트경화체로 부터의 미량성분의 용출 ··········································185
[5] 사용실태에 의한 콘크리트로 부터의 미량성분의 용출평가 ·············187
[6] 콘크리트의 자원순환과 용출성분의 환경영향평가 ···························188
제4장 사회환경재료의 고성능화·다기능화 ··········································191
4.1 팽창재에 의한 고성능화 ··········································································193
[1] 팽창재와 콘크리트 내구성 ··································································193
[2] 팽창재의 수화반응과 팽창메카니즘 ···················································196
4.2 에트린자이트의 이용에 의한 다기능화 ···················································203
[1] 에트린자이트에 의한 미세구조의 제어와 콘크리트의 다기능화 ·····203
[2] 시멘트·콘크리트의 고강도화 ······························································203
[3] 시멘트·콘크리트의 초조강화 ······························································209
4.3 화학혼화제를 이용한 고성능화 ·······························································215
[1] 화학혼화제란 ························································································215
[2] 감수제·고성능감수제 ··········································································216
[3] 응결·경화조절제 ··················································································222
[4] 수축저감제 ····························································································223
4.4 CO2 고정화에 의한 고성능화 ·································································227
[1] 장기내구성의 가능성 ···········································································227
[2] ｢자기방위기능｣을 갖는 γ-Ca2SiO4 ···················································228
[3] γ-Ca2SiO4의 탄산화 메카니즘과 그 외 다른 이용 분야 ················231
4.5 초고내구화·초고강도화 ···········································································234
[1] 콘크리트의 초고내구화와 환경 ···························································234
[2] 콘크리트의 초고강도화와 환경 ···························································240
후 기
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색 인
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